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scholar_vit) wrote2009-06-16 06:16 pm
Бесполезна ли война с бедностью?
Я пару раз встречал в правых блогах утверждение, что "война с бедностью" бесполезна (по-видимому, в отличие от "войны с наркотиками", которую правые невероятно успешно вели последние несколько десятилетий). Дескать, боремся-боремся, а бедных в США столько же, сколько было. Мне стало интересно, так ли это?
"Война с бедностью" была провозглашена в 1964 LBJ. Процент людей ниже черты бедности по данным http://www.census.gov/hhes/www/poverty/histpov/hstpov2.html ниже (кликабельно).
Для ориентировки на графике указаны президенты.
Из графика видно, что война с бедностью была удачна, особенно на первом этапе (до середины семидесятых).
В исторических таблицах отсутствуют данные последнего года, так что результатов последнего кризиса пока не отражены.
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http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Poverty_in_the_United_States
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http://www.google.com
График есть?
Заглянул по ссылкам, нашел интересный документ.
Tax levels Cross-country data shows an inverse correlation between tax levels as a share of GDP and child poverty.
После этого идет указания на работу
The Social Benefts and Economic Costs of Taxation
A Comparison of High-and Low-Tax Countries
By Neil Brooks and Thaddeus Hwong
http://www.policyalternatives.ca/documents/National_Office_Pubs/2006/Benefits_and_Costs_of_Taxation.pdf
Цитирую:
Tax cuts are disastrous for the well-being of a
nation’s citizens.
Findings from this study show that high-tax
countries have been more successful in achiev-
ing their social objectives than low-tax coun-
tries. Interestingly, they have done so with no
economic penalty.
On the majority of social measures we exam-
ine, high-tax countries rank signifcantly above
low-tax countries. On a number of the econom-
ic indicators we examine, low-tax countries rank
above high-tax countries, but the diference is
almost never signifcant.
We examine 50 indicators that are commonly
used to measure a country’s social progress. On
over half of these indicators (29), the outcomes
in high-tax Nordic countries are signifcantly
better than those in low-tax Anglo-American
countries, and on most of the remaining indi-
cators (13), social outcomes are somewhat bet-
ter in Nordic countries. In short:
• Nordic countries have signifcantly lower
rates of poverty across almost all social
groups;
• as an indicator of how well a country
protects the vulnerable, the elderly have
signifcantly higher pension income
replacement rates in Nordic countries
and the income received by those with
disabilities relative to the population is
much higher;
• income is distributed signifcantly more
equally in Nordic countries;
• on every measure we examine there is
signifcantly more gender equality in
Nordic countries;
• Nordic workers have signifcantly more
economic security;
• in terms of health outcomes, infant
mortality rates are signifcantly lower
and life expectancy is longer in Nordic
countries;
• in terms of educational outcomes, a greater
percentage of the population completed
secondary school and university in Nordic
countries and 15-year old students score
higher on math tests
• as a measure of personal physical security,
homicide rates are lower in Nordic
countries;
• as indicators of the degree of community
and social solidarity in a country and
general happiness and life satisfaction,
there is signifcantly more trust among
individuals and for public institutions in
Nordic countries;
• there is signifcantly less drug use in
Nordic countries; individuals have
signifcantly more leisure time; individuals
have more freedom, according to a widely
referred to index of economic freedom;
individuals report more life satisfaction;
and they are more likely to discuss politics
with friends;
• Nordic countries rank much higher on
an index of environmental performance,
and the Nordic countries give signifcantly
more in foreign aid than Anglo-American
countries
...
Low-tax Anglo-American countries rank high-
er than Nordic countries on only seven out of the
50 social indicators. In each case, it is a trivial dif-
ference that could be easily due to chance: a slight-
ly higher percentage of the 25–64 age group com-
pleted either college or university; 15-year-olds did
slightly better on reading and science tests; a slightly
greater percentage of people report a greater sense
of freedom; there are on average a lower number
of suicides; and a slightly greater percentage of in-
dividuals report they are very happy.
...
Of the 33 economic indicators ex-
amined, the Nordic countries lead on 19 indica-
tors and the Anglo-American countries on 14.
Re: Заглянул по ссылкам, нашел интересный документ.
А самый справедливый строй - рабовладельческий. Великий социалист А. Гитлер обещал немецкому народу обеспечить счастье и процветание.
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??? Нищета в Третьем Мире после Второй Мировой войны постепенно падала и продолжает падать (пусть не равномерно). На gapminder.org красивые графики об этом.
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Достаточно в торговом балансе посмотреть на сколько Китай каждый год спонсирует американских потребителей.
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Поэтому если за месяц набирается больше, значит и в большинство дней - тоже больше.
Просто статистика по ежедневным продажам не собирается.
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Re:
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